Manifold of Engine CFD Simulation by Species Transport

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In this project, steady air flow mixing with fuel is investigated in an engine manifold with 3 outlets, where only one outlet is open and the other 2 outlets are blocked.

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Description

Manifold of Engine CFD Simulation by Species Transport, ANSYS Fluent

In this project, steady air flow mixing with fuel is investigated by ANSYS Fluent in a 3-outlet manifold where only one outlet is adequate, and the other 2 outlets are blocked. Two inlets provide air and fuel flow into the domain. Air and fuel flow rates are equal to 0.2335 and 0.0374 kg/s. Species entering the domain via air inlet are nitrogen and oxygen with mass fractions equal to 0.79 and 0.21, respectively. Species entering the domain via fuel inlet are CO, CH4, CO2, N2, and H2, with mass fractions equal to 0.06, 0.004, 0.1, 0.081, and 0.03, respectively.

Engine Manifold Geometry and mesh

The geometry of the fluid domain is designed in the Design Modeler, and the computational grid is generated using ANSYS Meshing. The mesh type is unstructured, and the element number is 231646.

ManifoldManifold

Solver configuration

Critical assumptions:

  • The solver type is assumed Pressure Based.
  • Time formulation is assumed to be Steady.
  • Gravity effects are neglected.

The following table summarizes the defining steps of the problem and its solution.

Models (Engine Manifold)
Energy On
Viscous K-epsilon model Standard
Near wall treatment Enhanced wall treatment
Species transport Model Species transport
Options Inlet diffusion (on)
The diffusion energy source (on)
Mixture properties Mixture-template
Materials (Engine Manifold)
Fluid Definition method Fluent Database
Material name CO2
Material name CO
Material name H2
Material name CH4
Material name N2
Material name O2
Material name H2O
Boundary conditions (Engine Manifold)
Inlet_air Type Mass flow inlet
Mass flow rate 0.2335 kg/s
Turbulent intensity 4%
Hydraulic diameter 0.05 m
Species N2 (0.79)
O2 (0.21)
Inlet fuel Type Mass flow inlet
Mass flow rate 0. 0374 kg/s
Turbulent intensity 5%
Hydraulic diameter 1 m
Species N2 (0.801)
CO (0.06)
CH4 (0.004)
CO2 (0.1)
H2 (0.03)
Solver configurations (Engine Manifold)
Pressure-velocity coupling Scheme PISO
Spatial discretization Gradient Least square cell-based
Pressure Standard
Momentum Second order Upwind
K First order Upwind
Epsilon First order Upwind

Results and discussion

The mixture mass flow rate at the outlet is equal to 0.2709012 kg/s. Although 2 outlets are considered walls and are blocked, mixture pressure on these surfaces is critical. Pressure on outlets 1 and 2 equals 771.44639 and 780.98142 Pa, respectively.

Reviews

  1. Avatar Of Hallie Mitchell

    Hallie Mitchell

    Can this simulation be extended to model other types of manifolds?

    • Avatar Of Mr Cfd Support

      MR CFD Support

      While the current simulation focuses on an engine manifold, it can be extended to model other types of manifolds. We are open to contributions and can customize the simulation to accommodate your specific needs.

  2. Avatar Of Juwan Bernhard

    Juwan Bernhard

    The species transport simulation described is for an engine manifold with a complex fuel and air mixing process. Was any specific challenge encountered in defining and managing the multiple species and their interactions within the simulation set-up? And how was it addressed?

    • Avatar Of Mr Cfd Support

      MR CFD Support

      When dealing with multiple species, particularly in the context of combustion processes or mixflow scenarios like in engines, the main challenge is to ensure accurate representation of individual species’ interaction, diffusion, and chemical reactions if any. In ANSYS Fluent, the Species Transport Model and options such as inlet diffusion are used to account for these interactions correctly. To address the challenge, the simulation has respective mass fractions for different species predefined at their inlets, and special attention is given to the species’ properties such as diffusivity through comprehensive model settings. Fluent’s robust algorithm is configured to handle the complex physics associated with multiple species transport.

  3. Avatar Of Prof. Jorge Lindgren V

    Prof. Jorge Lindgren V

    Can the simulation model the effects of different fuel types on the engine manifold performance?

    • Avatar Of Mr Cfd Support

      MR CFD Support

      Yes, the simulation can model the effects of different fuel types on the engine manifold performance. This allows for a comprehensive analysis of manifold performance for different fuel types.

  4. Avatar Of Ms. Shirley Towne V

    Ms. Shirley Towne V

    The project description is excellent! It provides a great deal of technical insight into the simulation setup. Is the version of ANSYS Fluent used for the simulation compatible with recent hardware setups such as high-performance GPUs for faster computation?

    • Avatar Of Mr Cfd Support

      MR CFD Support

      Thank you for the positive feedback on the project description. ANSYS Fluent is continually upgraded to take advantage of recent hardware advancements, including high-performance GPUs. Although this project didn’t specify hardware details, typically, the latest versions of Fluent support GPU acceleration, helping to speed up computations and make simulations more efficient. It’s advisable to check the system requirements for the specific version of ANSYS Fluent being used to ensure hardware compatibility.

  5. Avatar Of Katrine Lang

    Katrine Lang

    The intricate details of the simulation are impressive! Can you explain how the mixing of fuel and air affects the outcome of the simulation?

    • Avatar Of Mr Cfd Support

      MR CFD Support

      Thank you for your kind words! In CFD simulations involving combustion engines, the mixing of fuel and air greatly influences combustion efficiency, power output, and emission levels. Proper mixing ensures that fuel molecules can find sufficient oxygen atoms for combustion, thereby affecting engine performance and the formation of pollutants like NOx. In this study, through the species transport model, we see a realistic distribution of individual species, which helps predict the quality of mixing and combustion processes if extended to reacting flows or predicts possible incomplete mixing zones leading to inefficient combustion.

  6. Avatar Of Mr. Jeramie Powlowski Iv

    Mr. Jeramie Powlowski IV

    I found the details on species mass fractions exceptionally precise. How does the study ensure the accuracy of these fractions during the simulation process?

    • Avatar Of Mr Cfd Support

      MR CFD Support

      In simulations like these, the accuracy of species mass fractions is ensured by meticulously setting up the Species Transport Model and specifying the mass flow rates at the inlets accurately. The species mass fractions are inputs to the problem, taken from experimental or theoretical data, and the solver maintains these fractions as boundary conditions. By using a finely discretized mesh and appropriate solver settings, the model reliably simulates the species transport phenomena throughout the manifold.

  7. Avatar Of Bradley Christiansen

    Bradley Christiansen

    How computationally intensive is this simulation?

    • Avatar Of Mr Cfd Support

      MR CFD Support

      The computational intensity of the simulation depends on several factors, including the complexity of the geometry, the number of cells in the mesh, and the complexity of the species transport and reaction models. However, ANSYS Fluent is highly optimized for CFD simulations and can efficiently handle large, complex simulations.

  8. Avatar Of Javon Crist

    Javon Crist

    How accurate is the simulation in predicting the engine manifold performance?

    • Avatar Of Mr Cfd Support

      MR CFD Support

      The simulation uses advanced models for turbulence, multiphase flow, and species transport, which allows it to accurately predict the engine manifold performance.

  9. Avatar Of Skylar Eichmann

    Skylar Eichmann

    The review is highly informative and shares detailed outcomes of the engine manifold simulation, however, as a new learner to CFD, could you explain a bit more about how the Species Transport Model works and its importance in this simulation?

    • Avatar Of Mr Cfd Support

      MR CFD Support

      The Species Transport Model in ANSYS Fluent allows for the simulation of the mixing and reaction of multiple species within a flow field. In the context of this engine manifold simulation, it’s crucial because it predicts the concentration distribution of each species, which is necessary when examining how air and different fuel components mix. Since the performance of an engine greatly depends on the quality of fuel-air mixing, accurate species transport modeling provides insights into optimization for combustion efficiency.

  10. Avatar Of Ms. Lilian Roberts Md

    Ms. Lilian Roberts MD

    The review says one of the outlets is adequate and the other two are blocked. Can you describe the effects of the blocked outlets on mixture distribution within the manifold?

    • Avatar Of Mr Cfd Support

      MR CFD Support

      Your question is a great observation about the simulation setup. The blocked outlets create a backpressure in the manifold that alters the flow patterns. This influences the velocity and pressure fields, leading to a non-uniform mixture distribution, especially around the blocked outlets. The CFD simulation accounts for the effects of these blocked outlets and allows us to analyze how they impact the overall mixing efficiency of air and fuel within the manifold.

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