Source Macro, UDF, Momentum Source Term CFD Simulation
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- The problem numerically simulates the porous medium with momentum source term using ANSYS Fluent software.
- We design the 3-D model with the Design Modeler software.
- We mesh the model with ANSYS Meshing software.
- The mesh is Structured, and the element number equals 256,000.
- We use the User-Defined Function (UDF) to define a pressure profile.
- We use the Source Macro for UDF.
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Description
Description
In this project, we performed a numerical simulation using ANSYS Fluent software’s User-Defined Function (UDF). For this CFD product, we used Source Macro to write UDF programming.
This product is the 5th chapter of the User-Defined Function (UDF) Training Course.
We considered a simple channel in which water flows. We assume a porous medium is in the middle of this channel.
A porous medium consists of voids in which the fluid passes through its empty spaces. This porous material can have significant effects on fluid behavior. One of the uses of porous media is to create a pressure drop in the flowing fluid. To apply the porous medium, we considered a separate zone in the interior space of the channel to define the porous medium for that zone.
Fluent software has a porous option; we can activate it for our modeling. However, we aim to use another method to define the porous medium. We know that during the solution process by Fluent, various equations, such as momentum equations, are solved. We want to influence the behavior of the fluid by defining a source term to the momentum equation as if there is a porous medium in the fluid flow path. First, we modeled the geometry in 3D with Design Modeler software. Then, we meshed the model with ANSYS Meshing software. Meshing is Structured, and 256,000 cells are created. Finally, we numerically simulated the current model based on the CFD method by ANSYS Fluent software.
Methodology (UDF)
In this project, we need to define a source term for the momentum equation in the z-direction. Since the direction of the fluid flow is along the z-axis, we use the source term for the momentum-z equation. Since this source term is added as an additional term to the solver’s momentum equation, we need to define a User-Defined Function (UDF) to define the source term.
We must use the Source Macro (DEFINE_SOURCE macro) for this UDF. The Source Macro has many applications in simulations. Source macro defines any source term in various equations, including momentum, energy, etc., which the Fluent solver solves.
The source term relation we use is defined as follows. According to this relation, the source term is defined by the velocity along the z-axis and the location (y-component). Also, when we define the term source macro, we must define the source term’s derivative to the transport equation’s dependent variable.
Conclusion (UDF)
After completing the calculation, we will review the results. To analyze the results, we obtain some contours and some plots. We obtained the pressure and pressure gradient contour in 2D and 3D and the plot of pressure changes in the longitudinal direction of the channel. The results correctly show that the pressure in the longitudinal direction of the channel, and precisely after passing through the zone for which we have defined the source term, has a significant decrease. We conclude that we performed the current numerical simulation and our UDF correctly.
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Haylie Armstrong –
Is it necessary to have programming experience to use the Source Macro in ANSYS Fluent for applying momentum source terms, or is it user-friendly for beginners as well?
MR CFD Support –
Though it can be helpful to have some programming experience, ANSYS Fluent is designed with user-friendliness in mind. Beginners can benefit from training materials and documentation that guide through the process of using UDF’s and Source Macros to apply momentum source terms effectively.
Alexie Stroman –
In the project description, you mention the Source Macro deals heavily in simulations, could you elaborate on that? How does it precisely affect the simulation, and is this approach more efficient compared s to the standard settings in Fluent for porous media?
MR CFD Support –
The Source Macro in ANSYS Fluent allows for specific source terms to be added to governing equations, modifying the behavior of the fluid based on user-defined criteria. This direct manipulation can model complex phenomena, like the resistance offered by a porous medium. Compared to standard settings, a UDF with Source Macro offers greater flexibility and the potential for more targeted adjustments. Efficiency can depend on the problem’s exact requirements – for detailed or atypical behaviors, UDFs can be more efficient in achieving the desired outcomes.
Mabel Ryan III –
Is it possible to adjust the intensity of the source term without changing the UDF code to save time when testing different levels of porous medium resistance?
MR CFD Support –
To adjust the intensity of the source term in ANSYS Fluent without changing the UDF’s actual code, you may use compiled UDFs and UI which can include user inputs. This way, the interaction through a GUI allows for changes in parameters without reprogramming the UDF. Alternatively, you will need to modify the UDF code itself with new parameters for different levels of porous medium resistance and recompile each time you wish to change this setting.
Fleta Rice –
In the UDF, do we need to manually input the velocity at each timestep, or is it automatically adjusted based on the solution at every step?
MR CFD Support –
When using a Source Macro in UDF, the velocity is not manually input at each timestep; rather, it is computed and adjusted automatically based on the flow solution at every timestep by the solver.
Marilie Sipes –
What are the physical properties and conditions assumed for the water flow when simulating the porous medium?
MR CFD Support –
In the simulation involving the porous media using UDF, the water is assumed to follow the standard fluid properties under normal conditions. These properties typically include density, viscosity, and flow velocity, similar to the properties it would exhibit under ambient temperature and pressure.
Florian Abernathy –
What specific applications can benefit from the UDF and porous media model showcased in this chapter?
MR CFD Support –
The UDF and porous media model showcased can benefit applications like filtration systems, porous flow reactors, heat exchangers, chemical catalytic beds, and groundwater flow simulation where the interaction within porous domains impacts the overall flow dynamics and pressure distribution.