Water Jet Considering Cavitation, ANSYS Fluent CFD Simulation Training

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The present problem simulates the cavitation in a water jet by ANSYS Fluent software.

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Description

Project Description

The present problem simulates the water flow in a water jet by ANSYS Fluent software. A water jet is a tool for creating a high pressure water flow for use in operations such as cutting or cleaning surfaces of objects. The working mechanism of this tool is that it consists of a thin layer of water at a very high speed to which an abrasive substance is injected to cut hard materials, and as a result, the mixture of water and abrasives can make a narrow cut on the piece. In the present model, the water flow enters the jet chamber at a velocity of 10 m.s-1 and exits the nozzle through a cross section.

Since there is a possibility of pressure drop in this model, the cavitation phenomenon has been investigated in this model; Because this phenomenon occurs when the fluid pressure drops to its vapor pressure. Therefore, the model of two-phase VOF flow and mass transfer between two phases of water and water vapor is defined as cavitation at a vapor pressure equal to 3540 Pascal. The aim of the present work is to investigate the changes in the volume fraction of water and water vapor phases.

Water Jet Geometry & Mesh

The present model is drawn in two dimensions using Design Modeler software. The geometric structure of this model is such that it consists of three edges with a total length of 12 m as inlet and one edge with a length of 1 m as outlet. The following figure shows a view of the geometry.

Water Jet

The meshing of the model has been done using ANSYS Meshing software and the mesh type is structured. The element number is 57018. The following figure shows the mesh.

Water Jet

Cavitation in a Water Jet CFD Simulation

To simulate the present model, several assumptions are considered:

  • We perform a pressure-based solver.
  • The simulation is steady.
  • The gravity effect on the fluid is ignored.

A summary of the defining steps of the problem and its solution is given in the following table:

Models
Viscous model k-epsilon
k-epsilon model RNG
near-wall treatment standard wall function
Multi phase model VOF
phases water & vapor
interface modeling type sharp
formulation implicit
mass transfer mechanism between two phases cavitation
Boundary conditions
Inlet Velocity inlet
velocity magnitude 10 m.s-1
volume fraction for water 1
volume fraction for vapor 0
Outlet Pressure outlet
gauge pressure 0 Pascal
Walls Wall
Wall motion stationary wall
Solution Methods
Pressure-velocity coupling   Coupled
Spatial discretization pressure PRESTO
momentum second order upwind
volume fraction compressive
turbulent kinetic energy first order upwind
turbulent dissipation rate first order upwind
Initialization
Initialization method   Standard
gauge pressure 0 pascal
vapor volume fraction 0
x-velocity , y-velocity 0 m.s-1

Results

At the end of the solution process, two-dimensional contours related to pressure, velocity, water volume fraction and water vapor volume fraction are obtained.

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