Thermal Management of Battery Using Nano Fluid

Description

Thermal Management of Battery (Using Nano Fluid), CFD Simulation Ansys Fluent Training

The present problem simulates the Thermal Management of Battery Using Nano Fluid (Two-Phase) by Ansys Fluent software.  This simulation is related to a Dual-Potential MSMD (multiscale multidomain) battery model. Generally, a battery can store electrical energy in chemical energy. If the current is requested from the battery, the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy, and when the battery is charged, the electrical energy is converted into chemical energy. Also, heat can be generated from multiple sources, including internal losses of joule heating and local electrode overpotentials, the entropy of the cell reaction, the heat of mixing, and side reactions.

Previously a modular, efficient battery simulation model (MSMD model) was introduced to aid the scale-up of Li-ion material & electrode designs to complete cell and pack designs, capturing electrochemical interplay with 3-D electronic current pathways and thermal response. The expandable and flexible architecture connects the physics of battery charge/discharge processes, thermal control, safety, and reliability computationally efficiently.

The present simulation is performed with Mixture multiphase model, and the effect of nanofluid flow in heat transfer enhancement of the battery is investigated. This work aims to investigate the effectiveness of phase change materials in the cooling process of the battery. The nanofluid material is water as base fluid and aluminum as nanoparticles, and the velocity of the nanofluid at the inlet face is equal to 0.1 m/s. The volume fraction of nanoparticles is 0.05.

GK empirical model is set for E–Chemistry. The Specified C-rate of 0.5 and numerical cell capacity of 14.6 are chosen as Electrical parameters.

Geometry & Mesh

 The Geometry of this model is designed in Design Modeler software three-dimensionally, and the scale of it is as follows:

Xmin: -0.007 m                                          Xmax: 0.007 m

Ymin: -0.008 m                                          Ymax: 0.0087 m

Zmin:  -0.0008325 m                                  Zmax: 0.002 m

We carry out the model’s meshing using ANSYS Meshing software. The mesh type is polyhedral, and the cell number is 362734. The following figure shows the mesh:

Battery CFD Simulation

We consider several assumptions to simulate the present model:

• Solver is pressure-based.
• The simulation is transient.
• The gravity effect is set at -9.81 in the Y direction.

The following table represents a summary of the defining steps of the problem and its solution:

General
Time Transient
Models
Viscous		Laminar
Energy		on
multiphase		Mixture Model
	Interface Modeling	Dispersed
	Formulation	Implicit
	Granular	on
	Particle Diameter	1e-5
	Slip Velocity	On
Inlet		Velocity Inlet
	velocity magnitude	0.1 m.s-1
	Volume Fraction	0.05
	Temperature	298 k
Outlet		Pressure Outlet
	gauge pressure	0 pascal
Walls		Wall
	wall motion	stationary wall
Battery Model		on
	Solution Method	MSMD
	E-Chemistry Model	NTGK Empirical Model
	Solution Options	Specified C-Rate
	C-Rate	0.5
	Min. Stop Voltage	3
	Max. Stop Voltage	4.3
	Initial DoD	0.2
Methods
Pressure-Velocity Coupling		SIMPLE
	Pressure	PRESTO!
	momentum	first-order upwind
	Volume Fraction	first-order upwind
	Energy	first-order upwind
	Transient Formulation	First Order Implicit
	Wrapped-Face Gradient Correction	on
Initialization
Initialization methods		Standard
	gauge pressure	0 pascal
	x-velocity	-0.1 m.s-1
	y-velocity	0 m.s-1
	z-velocity	0 m.s-1
	Temperature	298 k
	Phase-2 Granular Temperature	0.0001 m2/s2

Thermal Management of Battery Using Nano Fluid Results

We obtained two-dimensional and three-dimensional pressure and temperature contours, respectively, at the end of the solution process. We presented this chart in 500 Seconds. The results show that applying a Nanofluid flow to the battery body will cool and reduce the temperature growth rate.